Johannes Due Enstad

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2026). Holocaust inversion and justification of anti-Jewish aggression: Evidence from two national surveys in Norway. American Psychologist. 81(4), s. 478–489. doi: 10.1037/amp0001704. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  While perpetrators of anti-Jewish harassment and violence are a small minority in democratic societies, they rely on a larger number of people who justify such aggression or silently condone it. Using data from nationally representative surveys of the Norwegian population, I report two studies investigating whether endorsement of Holocaust inversion—the belief that Israel treats Palestinians as badly as Jews were treated during World War II—is associated with (a) justification of harassment and violence against Jews and (b) refusal to take a stance against such aggression. Study 1 (N = 1,575) found support for both hypotheses. In a preregistered replication, Study 2 (N = 1,653) confirmed these results. Follow-up analyses found that endorsement of Holocaust inversion was also associated with refusal to answer questions measuring blatant antisemitic prejudice. The findings support theorizing that sees Holocaust inversion as a socially more acceptable vehicle for expressing and legitimizing antisemitic hostility.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2026). What Drives Antisemitic Hostility in the Twenty-First Century? A Comparative Case Study of Germany, Sweden, and Russia (1990–2020). Contemporary Jewry. 46. doi: 10.1007/s12397-026-09723-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Public concern about antisemitism has increased globally in the twenty-first century, sparking renewed interest from social scientists. However, the crucial question of why trajectories of antisemitic hostility differ between countries remains unanswered due to a lack of studies designed to track temporal and cross-national variation. Addressing this gap, I evaluate the explanatory power of two main lines of argument that divide the literature: generalist and particularist. While generalists see antisemitism as a manifestation of general outgroup hostility common to various forms of prejudice, particularists stress the contextual specificity of antisemitism and posit that its twenty-first-century expressions are distinctively linked to anti-Zionist sentiment (enmity toward Israel and its supporters). I derive observable implications from these positions and conduct a comparative, longitudinal case study of antisemitic hostility in Germany, Sweden, and Russia (1990–2020), using a mixed-methods approach to integrate incident counts, victimization surveys, media analysis, and expert interviews. Findings match predictions from the particularist position, with flare-ups in the Israel–Palestine conflict generating or catalyzing antisemitic hostility depending on the strength of local anti-Zionist sentiment, thus demonstrating the centrality of the “Israel factor” in contemporary antisemitism.

• Enstad, Johannes Due & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2026). Can Moral Framing Reduce Climate Change Polarization? Textual and Experimental Evidence from Norway. Environmental Communication. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2026.2623481. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Is elite climate rhetoric morally framed to resonate mainly with liberal, universalist audiences? And can more inclusive framing, matching the particularist moral orientation of conservatives, reduce polarization? Drawing on moral foundations theory and combining computational text analysis with a survey experiment, we examined these questions using Norwegian data. In Study 1, analyzing 1,039 opinion pieces from major newspapers (2018–2022) using Contextualized Construct Representations (CCR), we found that elite rhetoric emphasized moral universalism (care, equality) over particularism (loyalty, authority, purity), with this gap widening over time. In Study 2, a survey experiment with a nationally representative sample (N = 3,868) tested six morally framed climate appeals. Universalist values predicted agreement with all appeals regardless of framing, while particularist values predicted disagreement with all but one: an appeal emphasizing that national interests and local communities must be respected in climate policy. This appeal resonated with particularists and reduced polarization—yet was underrepresented in elite rhetoric. Frame exposure showed no downstream effects on broader climate attitudes, suggesting entrenched opinion structures. Nevertheless, we argue that the universalist bias in elite rhetoric may contribute to polarization over time.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Det eldste hatet i en ny tid. Agora Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon. 42(1-2), s. 288–314. doi: 10.18261/agora.42.1-2.12. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Det hevdes ofte at det 21. århundret ble vitne til en dramatisk økning i omfanget av jødehat, og at dette er en «ny» antisemittisme som skiller seg fra middelalderens religiøse antijudaisme og den moderne epokens rasistiske antisemittisme ved at den kommer til uttrykk gjennom demonisering av Israel og sionismen. Påstanden er omstridt; en del vil hevde at prat om en ny antisemittisme er en avsporingstaktikk for å sverte dem som kritiserer Israels politikk. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg dette spørsmålet nærmere. Først gir jeg et omriss av den ofte opphetede debatten som oppstod rundt spørsmålet om den nye antisemittismen på 2000-tallet. Deretter undersøker jeg hva tilgjengelig empiri om antisemittiske holdninger, hendelser, og jøders opplevde utsatthet kan fortelle oss om hvordan antisemittismen faktisk har utviklet seg de siste tiårene. Har det funnet sted en målbar økning, og i hvilken grad kan vi spore fremveksten av en «ny» antisemittisme knyttet til Israel-fiendtlighet? Og hvordan kan egentlig antisemittismen forklares?

• Enstad, Johannes Due & Finseraas, Henning (2024). Moralske intuisjoner og politiske orienteringer blant norske velgere. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). 65(1), s. 1–23. doi: 10.18261/tfs.65.1.1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kan folks moralske intuisjoner bidra til å forstå politiske og ideologiske orienteringer i befolkningen? Vi presenterer teorien om moralske intuisjoner (Moral Foundations Theory, MFT) og gjør den første studien av MFTs forklaringskraft i en norsk kontekst. Vi tester validiteten av en norsk oversettelse av spørreskjemaet «Moral Foundations Questionnaire», det sentrale surveyinstrumentet for å måle moralske intuisjoner, og finner støtte for en fem-faktormodell som beskriver et tydelig skille mellom moralsk universalisme (omsorg og rettferdighet) og moralsk partikularisme (inngruppelojalitet, autoritet og hellighet). Vi undersøker videre hvordan disse moralske konfigurasjonene er korrelert med plassering på venstre–høyre-skalaen, parti- og partilederpreferanser og syn på sentrale politiske spørsmål som skatt og innvandring. Vi finner, i likhet med tidligere forskning fra andre land, at venstreorienterte skårer høyt på moralsk universalisme og lavt på partikularisme, mens høyreorienterte i større grad likestiller universalistiske og partikularistiske intuisjoner. Moralske intuisjoner forklarer en større andel av variasjonen i politisk orientering og holdning til skatte- og innvandringspolitikk enn utdannelse, noe som tilsier at teorien kan være nyttig for å belyse politisk atferd.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Facing antisemitism in Europe: Individual and country-level predictors of Jews' victimization and fear across twelve countries. Social Forces. 103(3), s. 1186–1209. doi: 10.1093/sf/soae091. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Rising antisemitism in the twenty-first century has alarmed Jewish communities and the general public, but antisemitic hate crime victimization remains understudied outside the US context. This study primarily relies on a comprehensive survey of 16,400 Jews across twelve European countries, supplemented with data from additional sources, to assess individual and country-level predictors of Jews’ experiences and fears of antisemitic harassment and violence. Multilevel models indicate that young age, perceived discrimination, identity visibility, and identification with Israel are pronounced individual risk factors for victimization. On the country level, negative opinion of Israel and Muslim population share predict victimization, highlighting the role of a “new” or Israel-derived antisemitism in the twenty-first century. The factors most strongly associated with fear are young age, previous victimization, perceptions of an ambient antisemitic threat, and recent occurrence of fatal antisemitic violence. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of integrating general theory on hate crime and victimization with context-specific factors when seeking to understand the experiences of targeted groups.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). What drives antisemitic hostility in the 21st century? A comparative case study of Germany, Sweden, and Russia (1990–2020). SocArXiv. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/2x6ws. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  PREPRINT (submitted for peer review in November 2024)

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Accounting for Contemporary Antisemitism: A Four-Dimensional Framework and a New Dataset. Antisemitism Studies. 7(1), s. 4–49. doi: 10.2979/ast.2023.a885991. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Existing scholarship on contemporary antisemitism tends to sacrifice breadth for depth, typically focusing on a specific dimension of the phenomenon or a single national or ideological context. This myopia threatens to limit our understanding of current antisemitism because separate parts of a complex picture are studied in isolation, and because crucial questions about temporal and cross-national variation remain understudied. To help remedy this situation, this article introduces a more comprehensive conceptual and empirical framework along with a new dataset intended to encourage the study of antisemitism as a multidimensional, cross-national, and dynamic phenomenon. The framework provides a model for studying antisemitism in four core dimensions—attitudes, incidents, cultural imagery, and Jews’ exposure—and specifies relevant variables and indicators, thus facilitating future research and data collection efforts. To supplement the framework, the article introduces a new dataset (DIMA—Dimensions of Antisemitism) featuring publicly available data covering three of the four dimensions: attitudes, incidents, and exposure. Based on patterns emerging from these data, hypotheses for further study are suggested. These contributions are intended to prepare the ground for a new and theoretically more ambitious research agenda in the field of contemporary antisemitism research.

• Enstad, Johannes Due & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2022). Politisk meningsmangfold og ytringsfrihet i akademia. I Mangset, Marte; Midtbøen, Arnfinn Haagensen & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (Red.), Ytringsfrihet i en ny offentlighet : Grensene for debatt og rommet for kunnskap. Universitetsforlaget. s. 155–179. doi: 10.18261/9788215051017-2022-08. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Forskningen skal være fri, men finnes det visse temaer som er tabu for forskere å snakke om eller forske på? Hvis slike tabuer finnes, i hvilken grad er de knyttet til forskeres politiske og ideologiske orientering? Diskusjonen om «venstrevridde forskere» er ikke ny, men forskning på politisk meningsmangfold i norsk akademia har vært mangelvare. I dette kapitlet undersøker vi problemstillingen nærmere ved å stille følgende spørsmål: Hvor politisk mangfoldig er norsk akademia? Hva mener forskerne selv om meningsmangfold, og hvordan henger spørsmålet sammen med den frie forskningens vilkår? Vi bruker en kvantitativ spørreundersøkelse og dybdeintervjuer for å besvare disse spørsmålene og slik gi ny innsikt og dybde til den pågående debatten om politisering i akademia, med særlig fokus på samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora.

• Bækken, Håvard & Enstad, Johannes Due (2020). Identity under Siege: Selective Securitization of History in Putin’s Russia. Slavonic and East European Review. 98(2), s. 321–344. doi: 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.98.2.0321. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article explores state efforts to safeguard national history and identity in Putin's Russia. It is argued that a process of selective securitization has been taking place, whereby elite actors have defined certain (but not all) aspects of Russia's history and identity as vital and existentially threatened interests that need to be forcefully defended. This has paved the way for wide-reaching state policy on the Great Patriotic War and given security actors an important role in its formulation. While the narrative of victory and unity surrounding the Great Patriotic War has become subject to securitization, state policy on the more contentious issue of Stalin's dictatorship has been much more ambiguous. When it comes to Stalin, the state has not sought to unify the population behind a common narrative, but rather to accommodate the value pluralism present among Russian elites and in society at large.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Putin’s Russia. Perspectives on Terrorism (PT). 12(6), s. 123–135. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article introduces the case of right-wing terrorism and violence in Putin’s Russia into the purview of terrorism studies. The article explores the modus operandi of Russian right-wing militants by analyzing a new dataset, RTV-RUSSIA, which includes nearly 500 violent events covering the period 2000-2017. Compared to their Western European counterparts, Russian right-wing militants have operated more violently (with attacks being more frequent) as well as more purposefully (with a larger share of premeditated attacks). The article offers a historical and a comparative explanation. The first answers the question of why a wave of right-wing violence occurred in the 2000s, stressing the socio-economic turbulence of the 1990s, increasing immigration, ideological radicalization amid restrictive political opportunities and a permissive discursive environment, and the rise of the internet as an arena for spreading violent propaganda. The comparative explanation tackles the question of why Russia has seen so much more right-wing violence than Western countries, highlighting the combination of anocratic regime type, high violence levels, high immigration, and low social stigmatization of extreme-right views.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Prayers and patriotism in Nazi-Occupied Russia: The Pskov Orthodox Mission and religious revival, 1941-1944. Slavonic and East European Review. 94(3), s. 468–496. doi: 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.3.0468. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article explores the social, cultural and political dimensions of religious revival in German-occupied northwest Russia during World War Two. Leading the revival was the Pskov Orthodox Mission, established to provide religious and relief services for the population. The priests saw themselves as Russian patriots, labouring in the interest of the Russian nation, but in opposition to the Bolshevik regime. While the clergy's appeals to the faithful helped shore up support for the occupation regime, their patriotic message also kindled a popular sense of Russian national identity which could easily fuel anti-German attitudes in the minds of the growing number of people who came to see Nazi Germany as the greater evil.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2015). "Glory to Breivik!": the Russian Far Right and the 2011 Norway Attacks. Terrorism and Political Violence. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2015.1008629. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Soviet Russians under Nazi Occupation: Fragile Loyalties in World War II. Cambridge University Press. 272 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this compelling account of life and death in a Russian province under Nazi occupation, Johannes Due Enstad challenges received wisdom about Russian patriotism during World War II. With the benefit of hindsight, we know how hopelessly destructive Germany's war against the Soviet Union was. Yet ordinary Russians witnessing the advancing German forces saw things differently. For many of them, having lived through collectivization and Stalinist terror in the 1930s, the invasion created hopes of a better life without the Bolsheviks. German policies on land and church helped sustain those hopes for parts of the population. Drawing on Soviet and German archival sources as well as eyewitness accounts, memoirs, and diaries, Enstad demonstrates the impact of Nazi rule on the mostly peasant population of northwest Russia and offers a reconsideration of the relationship between the Soviet regime and its core Russian population at this crucial moment in their history.

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Sætra, Henrik Skaug; Enstad, Johannes Due; Juul, Ane Fürst; Ida, Gram; Hjort, Jens Lunnan & Thorbjørnsrud, Trude (2023). Evaluering av handlingsplaner mot antisemittisme 2016-2023. Proba samfunnsanalyse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Antisemitic Violence in Europe, 2005-2015. Exposure and Perpetrators in France, UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Russia. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How often do incidents of antisemitic violence occur in contemporary Europe, and what trends are showing? How exposed are Jewish populations in different countries? Who commits these crimes? We need to answer such questions as precisely as possible in order to effectively combat and prevent antisemitism in general and violent antisemitism in particular, but we lack the knowledge to do so because systematic studies of the subject are few and far between. As a step towards filling this research gap, the current report presents some tentative findings about violent antisemitism in a sample of European countries and proposes directions for further research. Combining incident data based on police reporting with a 2012 survey on antisemitism carried out by the European Union’s Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), this report tentatively compares the levels of antisemitic violence in different countries. The seven-country sample contains comparable data for France, UK, Germany and Sweden only. Among these countries, Jews’ exposure to antisemitic violence appears to have been highest in France, lower in Sweden and Germany, and lowest in the United Kingdom. Figures for Norway, Denmark and Russia are not directly comparable because of differing data sources. However, Russia clearly stands out with a very low number of incidents considering Russia’s relatively large Jewish population. Russia is also the only case in which there is little to indicate that Jews avoid displaying their identity in public. Available data on perpetrators suggest that individuals of Muslim background stand out among perpetrators of antisemitic violence in Western Europe, but not in Russia, where right-wing extremist offenders dominate. Attitude surveys corroborate this picture in so far as antisemitic attitudes are far more widespread among Muslims than among the general population in Western Europe. The findings presented here are tentative. More and better data as well as more research are needed in order to form a more accurate picture of the nature and causes of antisemitic violence, a prerequisite for determining relevant countermeasures.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Violence antisémite en Europe 2005-2015. Fondation pour l’innovation politique (Fondapol). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). Soviet Citizens under German Occupation: Life, Death, and Power in Northwest Russia, 1941-1944. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Right-wing violent extremism in Russia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). More than a feeling: Humiliation, wrath, and violence in the writings of Russia’s extreme right. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skare, Erik & Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Forskning må styres av vitenskapelige spilleregler, ikke politiske mål. Historikeren. 3, s. 51–52. doi: https:/hifo.no/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/PDF-Historikeren-3-2025-.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Do Antizionist Beliefs Predict Justification of Anti-Jewish Aggression? Evidence from Two National Surveys in Norway [preprint]. Open Science Framework (OSF). doi: 10.31234/osf.io/8ursn_v1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  While perpetrators of anti-Jewish harassment and violence are a small minority in democratic societies, they rely on a larger number of people who justify such aggression or silently condone it. Using data from nationally representative surveys of the Norwegian population, I report two studies investigating whether antizionist beliefs predict (1) justification of harassment and violence against Jews and (2) refusal to take a stance against such aggression. Study 1 (N = 1575) found support for both hypotheses. In a preregistered replication, Study 2 (N = 1653) confirmed these results. Follow-up analyses found that antizionist beliefs also predicted refusal to answer questions measuring blatant antisemitic prejudice. The findings support theorizing that sees antizionism as a subtle and socially more acceptable vehicle for expressing antisemitic hostility.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Henger Israel-fiendtlige og jødefiendtlige holdninger sammen? Et analysenotat basert på data fra HL-senterets holdningsundersøkelser fra 2017 og 2022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Spørsmålet om forholdet mellom Israel-fiendtlighet og jødefiendtlighet diskuteres stadig i offentligheten. Noen hevder at antisemittitiske forestillinger er sammenfiltret med fiendtlighet mot Israel, mens andre betviler en slik sammenheng. På bakgrunn av å ha ledet et forskningsprosjekt om antisemittisme i Europa, har jeg noe å si om temaet. Jeg har tidligere skrevet om saken her, her og her. Formålet med dette lille analysenotatet er å bringe til torgs et forsterket empirisk grunnlag for diskusjonen. I det følgende presenteres en serie enkle, bivariate analyser som undersøker sammenhengen mellom Israel-fiendtlige og antisemittiske holdninger i Norge. Datagrunnlaget er to nasjonalt representative spørreundersøkelser gjennomført av HL-senteret i 2017 (N = 1575) og 2022 (N = 1653) (Hoffmann 2024; Moe mfl. 2024). (HL-senteret gjennomførte en ny undersøkelse i 2024, men disse dataene er i skrivende stund ikke tilgjengeliggjort.) Resultatene viser at personer som støtter Israel-fiendtlige påstander, gir uttrykk for antisemittiske holdninger i sterkere grad enn andre.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Instagram anbefaler jødehat til pro-palestinere. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  VÅRT LAND AVSLØRER: Rotter, davidstjerner, tyske flagg og setningen «Hitler gjorde ingenting galt». Støtter du Palestina? Da kan Instagram anbefale antisemittisme.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Forskning viser at Israel-fiendtlighet er forbundet med antisemittisme. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/3Myaj9/forskning-viser-at-israel-fiendtlighet-er-forbundet-med-antisemittisme. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  I et innlegg i Aftenposten 28. august sår professor Ottar Hellevik tvil om forbindelsen mellom Israel-fiendtlighet og antisemittisme, med henvisning til HL-senterets nasjonale holdningsundersøkelser. Dét gjør han til tross for at det faktisk finnes en klar sammenheng mellom fiendtlighet mot Israel og antisemittisme i nettopp dette datamaterialet.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Antisemittisme kan måles og har økt i både Norge og andre land. doi: https:/www.forskersonen.no/antisemittisme-debattinnlegg-joder/antisemittisme-kan-males-og-har-okt-i-bade-norge-og-andre-land/2310175. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  DEBATT: Sindre Bangstads kritikk hviler på feilaktige premisser og overser dokumenterte økninger i helt reell fiendtlighet mot jøder, skriver forsker Johannes Due Enstad.

• Enstad, Johannes Due & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2025). Can moral framing reduce climate change polarization? Textual and experimental evidence from Norway. SocArXiv. doi: 10.31235/osf.io/rx9hk_v1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We analyzed the moral valence of elite rhetoric on climate change in Norway (1,039 opinion articles across 5 years) and examined whether morally framing climate mitigation appeals to match people’s own values affected attitudes. Using a novel method for computational text analysis, we found elite rhetoric increasingly emphasized moral universalism (care, equality) over particularism (loyalty, authority, purity). In a survey experiment (N = 3,868), universalist values predicted agreement with all climate mitigation appeals regardless of framing, while particularist values predicted disagreement with all but one appeal. This appeal, focusing on national interests and respect for local communities, resonated strongly with particularists and reduced political polarization in appeal agreement, but was underrepresented in elite rhetoric relative to more divisive framings. However, moral frame exposure showed no downstream effects on broader climate attitudes. Nevertheless, we argue that the universalist bias evident in elite rhetoric may contribute to polarization over time.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2025). Objektivitet er ikke nøytralitet: Et svar til Pål Nygaard. Historikeren. s. 55–57. doi: https:/hifo.no/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Historikeren-1-2025-med-appendix.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Det er vanskelig å se hvordan rendyrket partisk aktivisme i forbindelse med en konflikt som den i Midtøsten kan forenes med historiefaglig objektivitet. Pål Nygaards tekst i Historikeren nr. 4/2024 ender opp som et eksempel på hvordan aktivisme står i motsetning til objektivitet og basal kildekritikk.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Does Antizionism Predict Justification of Antisemitic Behavior? Evidence from Norway [OSF Preregistration]. doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/TCFVW. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Norway: Know Thy Neighbor. For a Righteous Cause. s. 21–26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Jewish Pathfinders project is a remarkable intervention by the Jewish Community of Oslo, designed to familiarize young Norwegians with Jews and thereby reduce the potential for antisemitism in tomorrow’s society. The project is worthy of attention because of its apparent success and its potential role as a model for similar interventions in other countries and contexts.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Antisemitism and political responses in Scandinavia post-October 7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Scandinavia: Some Cold Realities. Antisemitism Worldwide: Report for 2023. s. 65–72. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Scandinavian countries regularly rank among the most free and most democratic societies in the world. Norway, Sweden and Denmark are known for egalitarian values and high levels of social trust and cohesion. Moreover, these nations have stood out with their high per-capita reception of asylum seekers and refugees. Scandinavia appears to be one of the world’s more hospitable places for ethnic, religious, and other minorities. But how hospitable are they for Jews when antisemitism raises its head? The extent of Scandinavian commitment to diversity and inclusion was put to a strong test in the final months of 2023, when the October 7 massacre and the ensuing Israel-Hamas war triggered a wave of antisemitism that rattled Jewish communities. Antisemitic manifestations and their impact on Jewish communities appear to have been relatively similar in the three Scandinavian countries. The political response, however, varied significantly. While Swedish and Danish government leaders have demonstrated forceful and visible verbal support for their Jewish minorities, as well as taken concrete policy actions, the Norwegian political leadership has been markedly less vocal in its statements and reactions.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Does antizionism mask antisemitism? Evidence from Norwegian and European surveys. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A wave of antisemitism rattled Jewish communities globally following the 7 October attacks on Israel by Hamas and the subsequent Israel-Hamas war. These events relate to a key point of contention in the literature on contemporary antisemitism, namely to what extent critical or hostile attitudes towards the Jewish state serve to mask or legitimize expressions of antisemitic sentiment. Exploring this issue, I report findings from two studies using data from a 2017 Norwegian population survey and a 2018 survey encompassing Jews across 12 European countries. I find that believing Israel is comparable to Nazi Germany predicts justifying harassment and violence against Jews (as well as refusal to take a stance on this question), and that, across Europe, country-level prevalence of unfavorable views towards Israel increases the likelihood of Jews encountering antisemitic harassment and violence. The findings support arguments stressing the importance of “new”, or Israel-derived, antisemitism.

• Enstad, Johannes Due & Finseraas, Henning (2024). Er folk på venstresiden mer moralsk enn de på høyresiden? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Flest KrF-velgere mener det ikke er meningsmangfold ved universitetene. [Internet]. Khrono.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Mener svenske og danske politikere bestod antisemittisme-prøven etter 7. oktober. [Journal]. Dagen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Styres politikk og økonomi av moralpsykologi? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Antisemitism and the politics of history (book review). Ethnic and Racial Studies. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2024.2348723. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Moralske intuisjoner i politikken. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Brennaktuelt om antisemittismens historie i Norge. Minerva (nettutgaven). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Elisabetta Cassina Wolff: Nasjonalisme og høyreradikalisme i Europa 1789–2019 (bokmelding). Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). doi: 10.18261/tfs.65.2.4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2024). Det "nye" jødehatet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Jødehatet. [Internet]. NRK.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Norske jøder om hets. [TV]. NRK Dagsrevyen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Den "nye" antisemittismen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Mye av antisemittismen springer ut fra miljøer som er sterkt kritiske til Israel. En del forskere omtaler dette som den «nye» antisemittismen.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Minervapodden: Det tilbakevendende jødehatet. [Internet]. Minerva. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nyhetsredaktør Alex Z. Ibsen i samtale med historiker Johannes Due Enstad, som forsker på antisemittisme.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2023). Russland og det seige autokratiet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bækken, Håvard Swane & Enstad, Johannes Due (2022). "Et land styrt av nazister": Russiske påstander om Ukraina og hvor dette kommer fra. [Radio]. NRK P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2022). Diverging paths: Antisemitism on the left and right in Russia and Germany after the Cold War. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2022). Antisemittismen i vår tid: Hvor kommer den fra, og hvor er den på vei? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2022). Is there an East/West divergence in European Jews’ exposure to antisemitism? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Around 1990, many considered antisemitism to be a “spent force” in Western countries such as the UK and the US. At the same time, Russian antisemitism was surging, leading to fears of pogroms and massive Jewish emigration. Yet there were no pogroms in Russia, and thirty years later, as this paper will argue, the situation had been turned on its head: a new divergence could be observed in terms of where Jews felt safe living and practicing as Jews. By 2020, Jews were anxiously concealing their identity not in Moscow or Vilnius, but in Western cities such as Paris, Berlin, and Copenhagen. Antisemitism seemed to be affecting Jews more severely in the West than in the East. How did this situation come about? This paper will outline the empirical evidence that allows us to speak of such a divergence at all, before moving on to discuss possible explanations.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2021). Kari Aga Myklebost, Jens Petter Nielsen og Andrei Rogatchevski (red.): The Russian Revolutions of 1917: The Northern Impact and beyond. Historisk tidsskrift. 100(2), s. 191–193. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2944-2021-02-12. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2021). On the ideological and cultural diversity of current antisemitism. Right Now!. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In May this year, the latest round of hostilities in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict set in motion a wave of antisemitic attacks targeting Jews in Europe and the US. A closer look at these incidents demonstrates the ideological and cultural diversity of current Jew-hatred. In order to understand this diversity, a broader historical perspective is helpful.

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2021). Documenting Contemporary Antisemitism. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2020). What is antisemitism? I Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Leidig, Eviane (Red.), Knowing what’s (far) right. A compendium. 7Letras. s. 27–29. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2019). Russland som trusselaktør. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Stolt og sårbar kjempe: Hvordan bør vi forstå Russlands stormaktsambisjoner? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). – Jødetesten er irrelevant på muslimer. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Jødehadet har mange ansigter. [Journal]. Midtjyllands avis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Ekstreme Russland. [Journal]. Apollon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Dagsrevyen / Russisk kobling til skandinaviske nynazister. [TV]. NRK. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Russland forbyr Stalin-film. [Internet]. Journalen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Er det en klar kobling mellom den nordiske motstandbevegelsen og russiske myndigheder? [Internet]. Alltinget (Podcast). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Norske eksperter: Klar kobling mellom Russland og Den nordiske motstandsbevegelsen. [Internet]. NRK.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Voldelig høyreekstremisme i Russland. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2018). Russland som internasjonal trusselaktør. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Leningrad-beleiringen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). - Mindre interesse for Breivik blant høyreekstreme. [Internet]. NRK.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Propagandaposøren. [Journal]. VG. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Avdekker ‘betent sannhet’ om vold mot jøder. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Østfronten. Store Norske Leksikon (Nettutgaven). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Voldelig høyreekstremisme i Vest-Europa og Russland. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). NRK Dagsnytt. 100 år siden 1917-revolusjonen. [Radio]. NRK. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Fører politisk krig med desinformasjon. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Antisemittisk vold i Europa er stabilt høy. [Journal]. Dagen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). I hovedsak muslimer bak vold mot jøder. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Religion bidrar til jødehat. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2017). Nuancer av had. [Journal]. Weekendavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Rasisme og nynazisme brer om seg på russiske fotballtribuner. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Høyreekstremist forbereder fotball-VM. [Internet]. NRK.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Dyrkes i Russland. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Ukrainakrisens anatomi: erfaringer og lærdommer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Hitlers russiske gjenferd: Militant høyreekstremisme i det postsovjetiske Russland. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Etter Sovjetunionens kollaps ble Russland vitne til fremveksten av Europas uten sammenlikning mest voldelige høyreekstreme bevegelse. Med terrorangrep, henrettelser av advokater og ekspertvitner og jihad-inspirerte halshugginger har russiske høyreekstreme drept mer enn 600 mennesker de siste ti år. Hvordan kan det ha seg at en slik bevegelse vokste seg så voldelig nettopp i Russland, et av de landene som ofret mest i kampen mot Nazi-Tyskland under annen verdenskrig?

• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Lenge leve Stalin! Arven etter Stalin i Putins Russland. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bækken, Håvard & Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). Military Patriotism: An Emerging State Ideology in Putin's Russia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2016). NRK Dagsnytt. Intervju om russisk høyreektremisme. [Radio]. NRK. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2015). The Russian Far Right and the War in Ukraine. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due & Ravndal, Jakob Aasland (2015). Hvorfor er det så mye mer høyreekstrem vold i Sverige? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2015). Laurie R. Cohen, Smolensk under the Nazis: Everyday Life in Occupied Russia (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2013). Slavonic and East European Review. 93(2), s. 389–391. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2015). Beorn, Waitman Wade. Marching into Darkness. The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2014. Slavonic and East European Review. 93(3), s. 580–582. doi: 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.3.0580. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2014). I skvis mellom Hitler og Stalin. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2014). ‘Glory to Breivik!’: the Russian Reception of the 22/7 Norway Attacks. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). Sovjetborgere under tysk okkupasjon: liv, død og makt i Nordvest-Russland, 1941-1944. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). Høyreekstremisme i Russland. [Radio]. NRK (Dagsnytt 18). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). -Viktig vitnesbyrd. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). The Putinist Policy of History: in Search of “Historical Optimism”. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). Hitlers russiske gjenferd. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). The Changing Face of Right-Wing Extremist Violence in Russia: The Case of Maksim ‘Tesak’ Martsinkevich. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due & Ravndal, Jacob Aasland (2013). Trender i europeisk høyreterror. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Johannes Due (2013). Nikita Lomagin (ed.), Bitva za Leningrad. Diskussionnye problemy, St. Petersburg: Evropeiskii Dom, 2009. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. s. 29–30. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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